“5·7”闽南沿海暖区特大暴雨中尺度特征分析     

胡雅君  张伟  赵玉春  陈德花 《气象》2020,46(5):629-642

利用双偏振多普勒雷达、风廓线雷达、雨滴谱仪等新型探测资料以及双雷达风场反演资料、地面加密自动观测站资料与FNL再分析资料,分析了2018年5月7日闽南沿海一次暖区特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征。结果表明:此次特大暴雨发生在强盛的超低空西南急流区内;超低空急流具有明显的脉动特征,其突然增强引起低空扰动加强,造成明显的低层辐合;深厚的西南急流导致对流回波形态与回波移动方向高度一致,使得多个强降水对流系统接连经过同一区域,形成列车效应,这是强降水长时间维持的重要原因;强降水对流回波带中,水平方向存在风向、风速双重辐合,垂直方向上存在明显的波状运动,上升运动位于强回波前部,使其不断向东北方向移动,同时在强降水对流回波带东南侧存在明显的补偿性次级环流,使低层辐合和上升运动得以维持;高浓度的小雨滴与大雨滴并存是此次暖区强降水云微物理的重要特征。  相似文献   

2020年4月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

关良  张涛  刘自牧 《气象》2020,46(7):994-1000

2020年4月大气环流呈单极型分布,中高纬环流为三波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度与常年相当,南支槽较常年偏弱。4月全国平均气温为11.2℃,接近常年同期,全国共有18个站日降温幅度达到极端事件标准。全国降水量为33.7 mm,较常年同期（45.1 mm）偏少25.3%。月内共出现2次主要冷空气过程,4次大范围降雨过程;云南气象干旱缓解,长江以北多地气象干旱发展;北方地区出现1次沙尘暴天气,较常年同期明显偏少。  相似文献   

一次玉林地区漏报的强双雨带影响的过程分析     

林宝亭  陆秋霖  林确略  陈明璐  苏尉宣 《气象》2020,46(3):313-324

暖区暴雨一直是业务预报难点,而双雨带中的暖区暴雨预报更是难以把握。2016年4月19日20时至20日20时出现了一次很强的双雨带过程,业务值班漏报了其对玉林地区的影响(漏报玉林南雨带的暴雨、大暴雨量级)。通过对数值预报产品、NCEP 1°X 1°全球客观分析资料、常规气象资料、雷达资料等进行剖析,找出漏报的原因,结果如下:预报的500 hPa槽距本地较远、925 hPa辐合线不明显、雨量偏小,导致漏报玉林南雨带的暴雨、大暴雨量级;忽略了与冷温槽相配合的冷平流使高空槽加深的作用;上下游台站都误认为冷空气已入海,忽略了高压脊后部地面回流形势对玉林的影响;没有仔细分析暴雨前CAPE值,忽略了玉林周围已具备"上干下湿"的有利降水条件,易触发暴雨;边界层能量锋的锋生利于对流不稳定气团的抬升;低空急流为南雨带提供了源源不断的水汽输送,水汽通量大值区和水汽辐合区都集中在玉林,水汽补给充足,导致玉林普降暴雨。  相似文献   

台风“温比亚”影响山东期间GPM资料的降水分析          下载免费PDF全文

李芳  李南  万瑜 《山东气象》2020,40(4):69-76

为研究GPM（Global Precipitation Measurement）资料对台风雨带降水结构的探测能力,利用GPM卫星资料、地基雷达资料和地面降水实况对2018 年第18号台风“温比亚”影响山东期间的降水结构进行分析。结果表明：台风螺旋雨带造成的降水远大于台风外围云系产生的降水;台风螺旋雨带的雨顶高度大于外围云系的雨顶高度,基本在7 km以上,最大雨顶高度达到15 km;台风螺旋雨带及其外围云系都以层云和对流云降水为主,其中螺旋雨带中对流云降水所占比例高于外围云系,对流云的平均降水率是层云的3倍左右,对流云降水对应近地面降水率和雨顶高度的大值区;台风螺旋雨带的降水柱与外围云系中的降水柱相比,具有数量多、密度大、高度高的特点,这与台风螺旋雨带中对流发展旺盛有关;2A DPR数据产品对降水估测具有较好的指示意义。研究结果为用GPM产品估测降水结构提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

Sea Surface Temperature Extremes of Different Intensity in the China Seas During the Global Warming Acceleration and Hiatus Periods     

王庆元  李琰  李清泉  王彦 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(4):473-482

Based on the daily OISST V2 with 0.25o horizontal resolutions, we study the variations of sea surface temperature (SST) extremes in the China Seas for different segments of the period 1982-2013. The two segments include the warming acceleration period from 1982 to 1997 and hiatus period from 1998 to 2013 when the global surface mean temperature (GSMT) was not significantly warming as expected during the past decades, or even cooling in some areas. First, we construct the regional average time series over the entire China Seas (15o–45oN, 105o–130oE) for these SST extremes. During the hiatus period, the regionally averaged 10th, 1th and 0.1th percentile of SSTs in each year decreased significantly by 0.40°C, 0.56°C and 0.58°C per decade, respectively. The regionally averaged 90th, 99th and 99.9th percentile of SSTs in each year decreased slightly or insignificantly. Our work confirmed that the regional hiatus was primarily reflected by wintertime cold extremes. Spatially, the trends of cold extremes in different intensity were non-uniformly distributed. Cold extremes in the near-shore areas are much more sensitivity to the global warming hiatus. Hot extremes trends exhibited non-significant tendency in the China Seas during the hiatus period. In word, the variations of the SST extremes in the two periods were non-uniform spatially and asymmetric seasonally. It is unexpected that the hot and cold extremes of each year in 1998–2013 were still higher than those extremes in 1982–1997. It is obvious that relative to the warming acceleration period, hot extremes are far more likely to occur in the recent hiatus as a result of a 0.3°C warmer shift in the mean temperature distribution. Moreover, hot extremes in the China Seas will be sustained or amplified with the end of warming hiatus and the continuous anthropogenic warming.  相似文献   

A STUDY ON THE PREDICT ABILITY OF GRAPES MODEL OVER SOUTH CHINA: COMPARISONS BY TWO INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS BETWEEN ECMWF AND NCEP     

钟水新  陈子通 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(1):27-34

This paper aims to assess the performances of different model initialization conditions (ICs) and lateral boundary conditions between two global models (GMs), i.e., the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), on the accuracy of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) forecasts for south China. A total of 3-month simulations during the rainy season were examined and a specific case of torrential rain over Guangdong Province was verified. Both ICs exhibited cold biases over south China, as well as a strong dry bias over the Pearl River Delta (PRD). In particular, the ICs from ECMWF had a stronger cold bias over the PRD region but with a more detailed structure than NCEP. In general, the NCEP provided a realistic surface temperature compared to the ECMWF over south China. Moreover, GRAPES initialized by the NCEP had better simulations of both location and intensity of precipitation than by ECMWF. The results presented in this paper could be used as a general guideline to the operational numerical weather prediction that use regional models driven by the GMs.  相似文献   

Sensitivity Analysis of Ensemble Simulations on a Torrential Rainfall Case over South China Using Multiple PBL and SL Parameterizations     

黄龄 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(2):208-222

A good representation of the interaction between the planetary boundary layer(PBL) and the surface layer(SL) in numerical models is of great importance for the prediction of the initiation and development of convection. This study examined an ensemble that consists of the available suites of PBL and SL parameterizations based on a torrential rainfall event over south China. The sensitivity of the simulations was investigated against objective measurements using multiple PBL and SL parameterization schemes. The main causes of the bias from different parameterization schemes were further analysed by comparing the good and bad ensemble members. The results showed that good members tended to underestimate the rainfall amount but presented a decent evolution of mesoscale convective systems that were responsible for the torrential rainfall. Using the total energy mass flux(TEMF) scheme, the bad members overestimated the amount and spatial coverage of rainfall. The failure of the bad member was due to a spurious convection initiation(CI) resulting from the overestimated high-θe elevated air. The spurious CI developed and expanded rapidly, causing intensive and extensive rainfall over south China. Consistent with previous studies, the TEMF scheme tends to produce a warmer and moister PBL environment. The detailed sensitivity analysis of this case may provide reference for the operational forecast of rainfall over south China using multiple PBL and SL parameterizations.  相似文献   

基于葵花8号卫星资料的沈阳两次暴雨过程中对流云特征对比分析     

杨磊  才奎志  孙丽  陈宇  张岳 《湖北气象》2020,39(2):125-135

应用葵花8号卫星资料,结合NCEP FNL再分析、GNSS遥感水汽、风廓线雷达、全国智能网格实况融合分析资料,对2017年7月14日和2018年8月7日沈阳两次暴雨过程(分别简称过程Ⅰ和过程Ⅱ)中对流云特征进行了比较分析,重点探讨了对流云的触发维持机制与影响降水特征差异的因素。结果表明:(1)两次过程分别为局地突发暴雨和区域性极端暴雨,沈阳市区暴雨均由两个对流云团引发,对流云团合并使得降水持续。过程Ⅱ云团合并发生在其移动方向的后侧,具有后向传播特征,合并云团沿其长轴方向移动影响沈阳市,使降水时间延长。(2)在降水前至降水初期,过程Ⅰ对流云顶和水汽层顶快速上升且云顶迅速超过水汽层顶,而过程Ⅱ亮温下降缓慢。短时强降水发生前红外和水汽亮温同步快速降至-60℃,可作为提前预判对流云团产生短时强降水的参考指标。10 min雨量大于10 mm的对流云云顶集中分布在红外亮温低于-55℃、亮温差为-5~0℃的范围。(3)两次过程中,沈阳市分别位于东北冷涡后部和副热带高压北缘。过程Ⅰ,探空曲线呈“X”型,CAPE高达2584 J·kg^-1,造成对流云深厚,云底以下干层导致雨滴蒸发,使降水强度减弱,该过程高强度降水仅发生在对流云团合并加强阶段。过程Ⅱ,云底到地面湿层明显,保证了雨滴降至地面,产生相同量级降水的云团的TBB比过程Ⅰ高。(4)强降水发生前,地面风场存在明显辐合,当大气可降水量2 h内跃增8 mm时,站点出现强降水;局地水汽跃增可能是低空西南气流偏南分量增大或偏北冷空气侵入到暖湿空气中所致。  相似文献   

一次特大暴雨过程高分辨率集合预报试验的检验和评估     

李俊  杜钧  许建玉  王明欢 《湖北气象》2020,39(2):176-184

针对2018年4月22日发生在湖北西部山地的一次特大暴雨过程,采用降尺度方案和显式对流参数化方案模式,开展了高分辨率对流许可尺度(3 km)的集合预报试验,并对全球集合预报(GEFS)和对流尺度集合预报(SSEF)的降水预报进行了对比评估,结果表明:(1)SSEF集合平均的雨量和落区预报均优于GEFS。(2)SSEF各成员的降水离散度分布更合理,因而具有更优的降水区间预报,其“离散度-误差关系”更优,能更好地给出预报误差的分布及其可能的大小。(3)SSEF的概率预报在所有空间尺度上均优于GEFS,且在短历时强降水上的优势更加明显。由此可见,针对此类山地暴雨过程,对流尺度集合预报相对于全球集合预报具有巨大的改进潜力。  相似文献   

华北“7·19”暴雨中低涡系统演变及多尺度相互作用机制研究     

陈碧莹  闵锦忠 《热带气象学报》2020,36(1):85-96

为探究华北暴雨的维持及中尺度系统演变机制,利用NCEP/NCAR的GFS资料、地面自动站观测资料等,借助数值模拟、涡度收支分析和尺度分离等方法,对2016年7月19日前后一次华北暴雨过程进行了观测分析和模拟研究。(1)本次极端降水过程与东移低槽切断形成的深厚低涡密切相关。低涡与副高脊线形成“东高西低”形势且雨区始终处于高层辐散低层辐合的动力配置下,有利于对流维持。涡旋与低空急流的配合使来自西南侧和东侧的水汽在华北辐合,并使雨区处于能量锋区,对流层中低层形成深厚逆温层,为暴雨维持提供水汽和能量保障。(2)低涡系统总体呈增强趋势,中心涡度最高达55×10-5 s-1以上。成熟阶段呈现贯穿对流层的直立正涡度柱,但涡度变化集中在500 hPa以下,中心维持在850 hPa附近。涡度增长主要受正涡度区与辐合中心重合产生的拉伸效应以及干侵入等因素的促进作用。(3)低层辐合中心由三种不同尺度系统叠加而成,其中中尺度系统对中心的强度和位置影响最大,而大中尺度风场间的辐合也使辐合区更大、强度更强。低层涡旋增长与风场辐合加强之间形成正反馈调节,有利于低涡和降水的维持。   相似文献